In the graph above I’ve arranged the 28 Threadiverse instances with at least 200 monthly active users (MAU)—orange instances running Lemmy, green Piefed, and red Mbin—on the basis of which instances they defederate.

Each instance has its MAU count listed below it, sourced from the latest MAU figures at Fediverse Observer, with adjustments made to the totals for Piefed (due to undercounting by outdated instances, as noted here; I used @Vicinus@piefed.zip’s suggested estimate of 7,200 Piefed users) and Mbin (due to tardigram.com having a duplicate listing).

After adjustments, there are an estimated 43,287 monthly active Threadiverse users (35,184+7,200+903), of whom 87.84% are on the 28 largest instances. The percentages listed alongside the MAU figures correspond to each instance’s share of the total MAU count.

Defederation data was sourced from Federation Checker. The tool doesn’t support Mbin instances, so I left fedia.io in its own category. If any defederations are missing, feel free to let me know. Ideally such a chart should also include community blocks to better illustrate which instances block what, but that data doesn’t appear to be as easily searchable.

I also noticed cases of some instances being listed as being defederated by another instance, despite not appearing on the defederation list for that instance (i.e. reddthat.com and lemmygrad.ml are listed as being mutually blocked, despite neither having the other on their block lists). In testing that federation, I noticed that !wholesome@reddthat.com did not federate to Lemmygrad while !memes@reddthat.com did, so clarification on that matter would be helpful.

While I’ll update my generalized chart as needed to correct errors, perhaps at some point an automated federation mapping tool similar to the one feddit.de formerly hosted could be developed to more completely illustrate instance federation.

  • AItoothbrush@lemmy.zip
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    6 hours ago

    Very proud of lemmy.zip! Joined very early on cause the name sounded cool lol, and apparently a lot of others also did. If i remember right we had a vote on defederations and the only major one to happen(or maybe the only one, idk) was exploding heads which was a nazi instance with CSAM on it so that was obvious, even that was mainly cause of the CSAM. I really like the approach of users being able to block instances and communities rather than the instance deciding for me. I still have ml and hexbear blocked tho cause they banned me after i stood up for trans rights or something lol

    • LincolnsDogFido@lemmy.zip
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      32 minutes ago

      I’m feeling the same way. I’ve bounced around a few places since joining. I started on midwest.social which was great for a while, but I think the instance grew more than the dev could keep up with. I started seeing connectivity issues and problems displaying content so I reluctantly migrated to .world to see what joining the largest instance would be like. The technical issues went away but I couldn’t figure out why I could no longer see /c/piracy until I realized that they’re a bunch of pushovers that defederated from dbzer0 based on some liability bogeyman. So I found myself on Lemmy.zip where I can police my own content and have no technical issues.

    • Million@lemmy.zip
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      4 hours ago

      .zip and Demogodrick definitely cool.

      I also lucked out by joining here just because I couldnt join more popular instances at the time. Happy that I landed here

    • JaN0h4ck@feddit.org
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      4 hours ago

      The admins of feddit.org are afraid of german police coming for their servers and therefore ban content that is possibly illegal in germany quite liberally. Since german courts are sometimes weird this includes some Pro-Palestine content that could be interpreted as Anti-Israel (e.g. the chant “From the river to the sea…”). That topic in particular pissed of the dbzero community which then defereated feddit.org for being “Zionists”.

    • Zedstrian@sopuli.xyzOP
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      8 hours ago

      The MAU numbers for instances were sourced from Fediverse Observer and calculated as a percentage of 43,287 for the percentages, but here’s a table of the defederation data:

      Lemmy
      Instance Defederates
      lemmy.world Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      sh.itjust.works Beehaw, Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      lemmy.zip N/A
      lemmy.ml fedinsfw.app
      feddit.org fedinsfw.app, Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      hexbear.net lemmy.world
      lemmy.dbzer0.com Lemmygrad, Feddit.org
      lemmy.ca Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      lemmy.blahaj.zone fedinsfw.app, Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      programming.dev Hexbear
      discuss.tchncs.de Lemmygrad
      sopuli.xyz fedinsfw.app, Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      lemmygrad.ml fedinsfw.app
      lemmy.today N/A
      slrpnk.net Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      feddit.uk N/A
      infosec.pub fedinsfw.app, Hexbear, Lemmygrad, Lemmy.ml
      reddthat.com N/A
      jlai.lu Lemmygrad
      beehaw.org sh.itjust.works, lemmy.world, Lemmygrad, Hexbear
      pawb.social Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      thelemmy.club N/A
      feddit.nl N/A
      Piefed
      Instance Defederates
      fedinsfw.app Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      piefed.social Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      piefed.ca Hexbear, Lemmygrad
      piefed.zip N/A
      Mbin
      Instance Defederates
      fedia.io ?
  • kersploosh@sh.itjust.works
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    12 hours ago

    The beehaw.org/sh.itjust.works defederation is really one-way. Beehaw defederated from us after some exceptionally bad trolls were operating from sh.itjust.works in 2023. IIRC, they requested that we also defederate from them to really make sure the split was made. We honored their request.

    We would happily reconnect if Beehaw decided they want to federate with us again. If not, then that’s fine; they have a right to associate with whomever they like.

    I believe infosec.pub temporarily defederated from us around the same time for the same reason. It was a rough time.

      • kersploosh@sh.itjust.works
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        10 hours ago

        If you want to complicate the graph further, I believe hexbear federates using an allow list. Blahaj, lemmy.ca, and sh.itjust.works are not on the allow list, so they are effectively defederated. I haven’t looked further to see which other large instances may be affected.

  • taiyang@lemmy.world
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    10 hours ago

    Things that pop out to me:

    1. The Internet was made for porn, both in users and less defederating.
    2. The main blocks really are mostly the Triad (grad, hexbear and ml) which I get. I personally don’t mind tankies despite the instance I’m on, but they can sometimes echo Russian propaganda that’s demonstrably false. Communism as a concept is ok, though.

    The Beehaw thing predates me, I heard they’re nice people, though. I also agree with the sentiment that more fringe groups and random porn might scare away newbies, so I get why things are the way they are.

  • kingofras@lemmy.world
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    14 hours ago

    I say, I really don’t get why so many people stay over on Reddit.

    This might be a micro version of the actual future internet, where we walk away from the global model and split it into ideological countries who believe the best way forward is to stop talking to the other group.

    We’ve come a long way from drawing artificial lines on maps.

    • pruwyben@discuss.tchncs.de
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      13 hours ago

      You can still choose one that talks to everybody else. In fact, this graphic might be a nice tool for new users who want advice beyond “Just choose any instance, it doesn’t matter” or “Just use lemmy.world”.

    • HM King Charles III DG FD@feddit.uk
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      13 hours ago

      I don’t know if this is better or worse. I do like the selectivity of it, though, where you’re free to join or privately defederate instances

  • JRaccoon@discuss.tchncs.de
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    11 hours ago

    Kinda eye-opening, thx for making the chart. I hadn’t realized it had gotten this bad. In my opinion, defederation should only ever be used to combat spam, not because of ideological differences or disputes between individuals.

    One of the most common tips for people looking to switch over from Reddit has been that the instance you choose doesn’t really matter. But it clearly does. Choose the “wrong” instance and you may suddenly find yourself cut off from a sizable portion of other users because someone else decided they know better than you what you should and shouldn’t see.

    I’m lucky to be on an instance that has “only” defederated one instance in this chart (lemmygrad.ml). I don’t really follow the drama around here, so I have no idea why that instance is banned. All I see is that there are 558 active users I’ll never be able to interact with just because someone I don’t personally know (my instance admin) made that decision at some point.

    Wasn’t there just a big drama because some app developer built-in their own opinionated blocklist into their app or something? How is this any different?

    My point being, why not leave these kinds of drastic decisions to individual users, who can and should block whoever they want, instead of dividing threadiverse into silos at the instance level?

    • OpenStars@piefed.social
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      9 hours ago

      Many fantastic instances do exactly that.

      But in answer to your question, you may want to research The Intolerance Paradox. In short, when people refuse to follow the rules it kinda becomes spam. Even if you were okay with CSAM or pictures of pigs actively showing the poop falling out of their anuses (sadly, I bet you think I am being hyperbolic here? nope, this is kinda Hexbear’s major schtick), the fact remains that it scares away newcomers.

      I will note that if you self-host your own instance then you have perfect control over every aspect of your experience, being able to fine-tune it to perfectly suit your precise needs. Otherwise you will want to choose an instance provider that aligns with whatever your needs are. Some people will choose one of the instances that defederates from almost nothing, while others actually want an experience that is more what they are used to and would expect coming over from the overly bot-modded Reddit, i.e. they want (even outright demand) that censorship be done for them.

      This is why the instance pickers need to carefully explain what each instance is about, since there is not just one audience with a single set of needs & expectations.

      • JRaccoon@discuss.tchncs.de
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        7 hours ago

        Yeah, I get your argument, and obviously it’s good to have instances with different federation policies. It’s just that when big instances like the ones in this chart start swinging the defederation hammer around, I worry that some (or many) users end up disconnected from users and communities without ever realizing it or agreeing with the decision.

        Have you ever tried to organize a fun game night with friends but two of them just can’t get along, ruining the whole thing? That’s kinda the feeling I get from this.

        • OpenStars@piefed.social
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          1 hour ago

          Okay but… have you ever tried to force your group to get together despite those two being unable to get along? e.g. Russia vs. Ukraine? China vs. Taiwan? Israel vs. Palestine? USA vs. a neighbor with oil?

          Whether one side (e.g. Ukraine) can “get along with” the other side there (e.g. Russia) depends a LOT on whether they are able to agree to follow some shared rules (e.g. to not murder the other side). These are not mere political differences in the sense of left vs. right, but rather those who are proud to remain ungovernable (while seemingly not understanding what that phrase originally was intended to mean) vs. those who would rather nope out entirely than exist side-by-side with them.

          Please also note that Lemmy’s block tools are so misleadingly misnamed as to be almost worthy of the moniker of calling it disinformation. What “blocking an instance” does is to:

          • Mute communities on that instance from the user, preventing discoverability and blocking that content from showing in your personal feed, including when browsing All

          What that so-called “blocking” does NOT do:

          • Hide content from those users submitted to communities on remote instances
          • Prevent those users from being able to reply to, famously including vote brigading on, your own content
          • Prevent those users from sending you DMs, which at first were not allowed to trigger notifications, but the Lemmy devs reversed that decision and now these “blocked users” can trigger notifications - which bc of the “style” preferred by people on those instances, can continue for WEEKS and WEEKS after you so much as reply to a post that you encountered on All, without having read the sidebar and so not knowing that this style differs from what you are used to

          Besides, even if insurance blocking actually worked, it would still do nothing to not showcase the content for an anonymous guest account or a newly created account, i.e. it does nothing to help others deal with “the situation”, only yourself. Which is especially notable when people access Lemmy’s content from apps like Voyager that by default does not show the instance name, thereby treating all content from all instances as being equal. However, I would argue that e.g. Poland does not fear attack from all nations equally - does Poland want to be on guard against Taiwan? Or North or South Korea? What about Russia?

          Defederation is a blunt tool, but is virtually the only one offered by the Lemmy devs. When the software is made more robust to offer some other alternative… then this issue can be revisited at that time.

          Also, you are free at any to self-host your own instance. But to tell Ukraine and Russia that they must get along… or else what? I am saying that I reject the underlying premise of your argument. “People getting along” should not be the ultimate goal of the Threadiverse. A better goal IMHO would be “People enjoying their experiences while here”. Which for many, means blocking Hexbear - and yes, for some it means NOT blocking it - and therefore since the answer is neither a clear yay or nay, we are forced into preaching the controversy for every new potential member, even though that very complexity itself is often what drives others away.

          Though PieFed.zip offers an intriguing and innovative compromise: upon joining the instance a user block is placed upon the Hexbear and lemmygrad instances, and a message sent to the new user about how to remove or place such blocks. This makes federation with those highly controversial instances as opt-in, as opposed to opt-out or impossible to block or not block. That’s really neat! However, that delves into a whole other can of worms on how PieFed instance blocks have problems - namely that people on the receiving end can still reply to them, though only people on the same originating instance will see those replies (or perhaps it’s worse and everyone using Lemmy will see them while everyone using PieFed will not? or perhaps something else altogether?). Also this in turn opens up an entirely new rabbit hole on top of that, where Lemmy and PieFed (and Mbin, and nodeBB, etc.) would need to agree on a set of shared practices…

          In short, the technology of the Threadiverse is still quite primitive in so very many ways, despite the upcoming release of Lemmy vs. 1.0. Yes defederation is a very blunt instrument, but it’s all that we have been given to wield for the most part. But the alternative IMHO would be far worse, being forced into allowing bullies to thrive. The Paradox of Intolerance is ironic, but very real: allowing the intolerant to exist in your space, worse yet platforming and even promoting them, means that you yourself are intolerant. Fences between neighbors is the only hope the Threadiverse even has of surviving. Yes you are allowed to be sad at that fact, but it remains true nonetheless. Move past your sadness, to get to what must be done to thrive and move forward in a positive direction?

          e.g. learn Rust and contribute to the code development of Lemmy!? Unfortunately, merely donating money is unlikely to help, as much of those funds go into the moderation and instance maintenance costs of the “highly controversial” Lemmy.ml, and the devs have refused to open a way to provide funding for the former independently of the latter. Or learn Python and contribute to development of PieFed? It likely won’t help with interoperability between PieFed vs. Lemmy, and both require investments of several years, but if you want to help then there is no better way. So long as the technology remains as primitive as it is now, these kinds of blunt instruments are all that are available to us - someone would need to invest the effort to provide better.

          TLDR: there are extremely good reasons why things are as they are now.

    • Zedstrian@sopuli.xyzOP
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      11 hours ago

      Note that defederations with smaller instances (representing 12% of users) are not represented here, so there are even more defederations than what is listed here. Hopefully that will come across better with more data in the next version of the graph.

      As requiring new users to implement multiple blocks off the bat can be a big ask for those still on the fence about leaving Reddit, defederating known NSFW, troll, and tankie instances can improve new user retention. For those who prefer more hands-off moderation practices, specific instances can cater to them, but I think a more tailored experience is better for users arriving from Reddit.

      • アイス@lemmy.zip
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        8 hours ago

        Idk, that is exactly how lemmy.zip does it. Fairly straight forward if you ask me.

      • spinning_disk_engineer@lemmy.ca
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        11 hours ago

        I’m not so sure, I’d rather have a prepopulated blocklist that I can further configure myself, as opposed to instance level blocks that I can’t reverse.

      • JRaccoon@discuss.tchncs.de
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        11 hours ago

        I think the main issue is that this isn’t communicated clearly. Most people joining a random instance listed on join-lemmy.org won’t know what defederation means and they have no way of knowing that by choosing that particular instance they’ll be cut off from a certain number of other users.

  • Shadow@lemmy.ca
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    12 hours ago

    Hmm, piefed.ca is supposed to follow the lemmy.ca defed list, I’d expect both to be the same.

    Use of colors for software is confusing, since I expected it to be based on the % or something. A legend would be clutch for those of us that look at pictures and get confused, then read the text…

    • Zedstrian@sopuli.xyzOP
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      11 hours ago

      I’ll design a legend for the next version for clarity. Piefed.ca and Lemmy.ca are both in the same section in the graph, similar to Piefed.zip and Lemmy.zip, but maybe I’ll think of a way to format jointly managed instances for the next version.

      • Shadow@lemmy.ca
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        11 hours ago

        I thought the % underneath was the number of users who couldn’t see that instance, but I guess it’s % of the active fediverse users?

        • Zedstrian@sopuli.xyzOP
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          11 hours ago

          Yes; the percentage underneath an instance is its proportion of the overall Threadiverse userbase. The percentages on the large arrows are the sum of the userbases within the associated box, indicating the extent to which an instance is defederated (somewhat of an underestimation, given that 12% of users are unaccounted for).

  • CombatWombat@feddit.online
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    9 hours ago

    On the one hand, I know that the long tail of smaller instances are important to the health of the fediverse, but on the other it seems like it would be fun to see my instances on the defederation flowchart and the alt text leaderboard and stuff. Plusses and minuses, I suppose.

    • Zedstrian@sopuli.xyzOP
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      9 hours ago

      At 152 MAU, it’ll make the cut if I expand the minimum threshold for inclusion to 150 MAU instead of 200; the limit was used to make the chart easier to plan, but I think it could be expanded incrementally.

  • frongt@lemmy.zip
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    13 hours ago

    Wouldn’t it make more sense to indicate federation with an arrow and defederation with no arrow?

    Interesting that so many instances have defederated from fedinsfw.app. What’s that about?

    • Holla@feddit.org
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      6 hours ago

      feddit.org has a rule against porn in general, so it would make no sense to federate with them given that that’s what their focus is

    • Zedstrian@sopuli.xyzOP
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      11 hours ago

      Wouldn’t it make more sense to indicate federation with an arrow and defederation with no arrow?

      Unless an instance chooses to defederate from another, everything is federated by default; indicating that with arrows would result in a very messy graph.

      Interesting that so many instances have defederated from fedinsfw.app. What’s that about?

      Fedinsfw.app, like lemmynsfw.com before it, is an instance dedicated to hosting NSFW content. As such content can be off-putting for new users, and only a subset of users are interested in seeing it, some instances choose to defederate from instances dedicated to it. While I’m broadly against defederation that results in a fractured Threadiverse, in this case doing so is probably more helpful in terms of new user retention than it is harmful (users can easily have separate accounts on SFW and NSFW instances or choose an instance that maintains federation with both).